Norway protects its most spectacular landscapes across 47 national parks—40 on the mainland and 7 in the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Spanning a country with 385,207 square kilometers of diverse terrain, over 1,000 fjords, and 1,624 glaciers, these protected areas represent the crown jewels of Scandinavian wilderness. From the glaciated peaks of Jotunheimen to the Arctic wilderness of Northeast Svalbard, Norway’s national parks showcase extraordinary natural diversity: mountains reaching 2,469 meters, glacier fields covering 487 square kilometers, ancient boreal forests, windswept tundra, and some of Europe’s last truly wild places.
According to Statistics Norway (SSB), tourism to Norway’s protected areas has rebounded strongly, with over 25.3 million hotel guest nights recorded in 2023. July remains the peak month with 3.35 million overnight stays, driven largely by visitors seeking access to Norway’s legendary outdoor destinations. The summer months of June through August account for 36% of annual tourism, with national parks serving as primary attractions.
Thanks to Norway’s “allemannsretten” (right to roam), these parks are freely accessible to all. There are no entrance fees, no permits needed for hiking, and wild camping is welcomed throughout. It’s democracy applied to nature—and it makes Norway one of the world’s great outdoor destinations. This ancient right, codified in the 1957 Outdoor Recreation Act and updated in 2011, reflects a deep Norwegian cultural value: that nature belongs to everyone.
National Parks Overview
Key Statistics from Official Sources
| Statistic | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Total national parks | 47 (40 mainland, 7 Svalbard) | Norwegian Environment Agency |
| Combined protected area | ~85,000 km2 | Miljodirektoratet |
| Largest mainland park | Hardangervidda (3,422 km2) | nasjonalparker.no |
| Largest overall (Svalbard) | Sor-Spitsbergen (13,286 km2) | Governor of Svalbard |
| Oldest park | Rondane (1962) | Norwegian Government |
| Newest park | Ostmarka (2023) | Miljodirektoratet |
| Total protected areas (all types) | ~17% of mainland Norway | SSB Statistics Norway |
| DNT marked trails | 22,000+ kilometers | Norwegian Trekking Association |
| DNT cabins nationwide | 550+ cabins | dnt.no |
| Wild reindeer (total Norway) | 70,000-80,000 | 90% of world’s wild tundra population |
| Wild reindeer (Hardangervidda) | 6,000-7,000 | Largest single herd |
| Musk ox (Dovrefjell) | 250-300 | ONLY location in Norway |
Understanding Norway’s Park System
Norway’s national park system operates under the principle that nature should remain accessible while being protected for future generations. Unlike national park systems in some countries that charge entrance fees or require advance permits, Norwegian parks welcome all visitors free of charge. This philosophy reflects the Norwegian concept of “friluftsliv” (outdoor life)—the cultural practice of spending time in nature as essential to wellbeing.
The parks are managed by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljodirektoratet) in cooperation with local municipalities and the Norwegian Trekking Association (DNT). Rangers patrol during peak season, trail markers guide hikers through challenging terrain, and the famous red “T” (turistforening) markings indicate DNT-maintained routes.
Park Categories and Ecosystems
Mountain Parks (Fjellparker): Jotunheimen, Rondane, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella, Hardangervidda, Reinheimen, Breheimen
- Characterized by alpine ecosystems above the tree line (typically 900-1,200m)
- Home to Norway’s highest peaks (Galdhøpiggen at 2,469m, Glittertind at 2,465m)
- Primary habitat for wild reindeer populations (Europe’s last wild herds)
Glacier Parks (Breparker): Jostedalsbreen, Folgefonna, Saltfjellet-Svartisen
- Protect Norway’s remaining ice masses, including mainland Europe’s largest glacier
- Critical for monitoring climate change impacts
- Offer guided glacier walks and blue ice experiences
Coastal Parks (Kystparker): Ytre Hvaler, Raet, Færder
- Protect unique marine environments along Norway’s 25,148-kilometer coastline
- Feature underwater ecosystems, island archipelagos, and coastal geology
- Popular for kayaking, diving, and marine wildlife observation
Arctic Parks (Arktiske parker): All seven Svalbard parks, Varangerhalvøya, Stabbursdalen
- Protect Arctic tundra, polar ecosystems, and unique high-latitude landscapes
- Home to polar bears (Svalbard), Arctic foxes, and extensive seabird colonies
- Experience midnight sun (May-July) and polar night (November-January)
Forest Parks (Skogparker): Øvre Pasvik, Femundsmarka, Gutulia, Lierne, Fulufjellet
- Preserve ancient taiga forests at the edge of the Siberian ecosystem
- Feature some of Europe’s oldest pine forests (trees over 500 years old)
- Excellent for canoeing, fishing, and wilderness solitude
Top 10 National Parks
1. Jotunheimen National Park
Norway’s Premier Mountain Destination — “Home of the Giants”
Jotunheimen (“Jotunheimen” translates to “Home of the Giants” in Old Norse) contains Norway’s highest peaks and represents the dramatic alpine heart of Scandinavia. The park encompasses 275 peaks above 2,000 meters, including Galdhøpiggen (2,469m) and Glittertind (2,465m)—the two highest mountains in Northern Europe. Established in 1980, this 1,151 square kilometer wilderness draws over 100,000 hikers annually, making it Norway’s most visited mountain park.
The landscape was carved by glaciers during the last ice age, leaving behind dramatic U-shaped valleys, pristine glacial lakes, and hanging waterfalls that cascade hundreds of meters into valleys below. Despite heavy visitor numbers on popular routes like Besseggen, the park offers vast wilderness areas where you can hike for days without seeing another person.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 1,151 km² |
| Established | 1980 |
| Elevation range | 1,000m - 2,469m |
| Highest peak | Galdhøpiggen (2,469m) |
| Peaks above 2,000m | 275 peaks |
| Annual visitors | 100,000+ hikers |
| Best time | Late June - September |
| Primary access | Gjendesheim, Spiterstulen, Lom |
| DNT cabins | 15+ staffed and self-service |
Essential Hikes with Practical Details:
| Hike | Distance | Duration | Difficulty | Elevation Gain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Besseggen Ridge | 13.5 km | 6-8 hours | Moderate-Hard | 1,100m |
| Galdhøpiggen (guided) | 10 km | 5-7 hours | Challenging | 850m |
| Glittertind | 8 km | 4-6 hours | Challenging | 800m |
| Svartdalen-Leirvassbu | 14 km | 6-8 hours | Moderate | 600m |
| Fannaråken | 12 km | 8-10 hours | Very Hard | 1,200m |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Besseggen Ridge: Norway’s most iconic day hike traversing a dramatic knife-edge ridge between Lake Gjende (984m, vivid green) and Lake Bessvatnet (1,373m, deep blue). Book the morning boat from Gjendesheim to Memurubu (NOK 185 one-way, operates mid-June to mid-October) and hike back.
- Galdhøpiggen Summit: Requires crossing Styggebreen glacier—guides mandatory (approximately NOK 650-800 per person). Departs from Juvasshytta or Spiterstulen daily in summer.
- Hurrungane Traverse: Multi-day technical mountain route for experienced alpine hikers; Norway’s most challenging marked route.
Accommodation Options:
- DNT Staffed Cabins: Gjendesheim (NOK 395-595/night members), Memurubu, Spiterstulen, Leirvassbu
- Self-Service Cabins: Olavsbu, Glitterheim, numerous smaller huts (NOK 250-350/night members)
- Wild Camping: Permitted throughout with 150m buffer from cabins
Insider Tip: The Spiterstulen approach to Galdhøpiggen offers a glacier-free alternative via Styggehøe, though it adds 2 hours and is unmarked above the snowline. For Besseggen, start from Memurubu for fewer crowds—most hikers do the reverse direction.
Jotunheimen Park Info2. Hardangervidda National Park
Europe’s Largest Mountain Plateau — A Wilderness Like No Other
Hardangervidda is Norway’s largest national park and Europe’s largest mountain plateau—a vast, treeless expanse that stretches to every horizon. At 3,422 square kilometers (larger than Luxembourg), the park protects an Arctic-alpine ecosystem that hosts Europe’s largest remaining wild reindeer herd, with 6,000-7,000 animals. The plateau averages 1,100-1,400 meters elevation, creating a subarctic environment with unique flora and fauna more commonly found in Svalbard or Greenland.
Wild Reindeer Significance: Norway’s total wild reindeer population of 70,000-80,000 represents approximately 90% of the world’s remaining wild tundra reindeer. Hardangervidda’s herd is the largest single population, making this park globally significant for wild reindeer conservation.
The landscape appears deceptively gentle—rolling hills, countless lakes, and seemingly easy terrain. But Hardangervidda is exposed and weather-dependent. Sudden storms can reduce visibility to meters, temperatures drop rapidly even in summer, and the lack of landmarks makes navigation challenging. This is genuine wilderness that demands respect and proper preparation.
Historically, the plateau played crucial roles during World War II. The famous sabotage of the Vemork heavy water plant (immortalized in the film “The Heroes of Telemark”) included dramatic escapes across Hardangervidda. Several resistance memorials and historic routes remain accessible to hikers.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 3,422 km² (Norway’s largest) |
| Established | 1981 |
| Elevation range | 700m - 1,721m (Hardangerjøkulen glacier edge) |
| Average elevation | 1,100-1,400m |
| Wild reindeer population | 10,000-15,000 animals |
| Number of lakes | Over 2,000 |
| Best time | July - September |
| Primary access | Finse (train), Kinsarvik, Eidfjord, Rjukan |
| DNT cabins | 20+ staffed and self-service |
Multi-Day Route Options:
| Route | Distance | Duration | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Finse to Aurland | 50 km | 3-4 days | Moderate |
| Kinsarvik to Haukeliseter | 65 km | 4-5 days | Moderate |
| Hardangervidda North-South Traverse | 100+ km | 6-8 days | Challenging |
| Numedal to Kinsarvik | 80 km | 5-6 days | Moderate |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Multi-day hut-to-hut hiking: The classic Norwegian wilderness experience. DNT cabins are spaced at comfortable day-hike intervals.
- Reindeer watching: Best in autumn (September-October) when herds gather before migration. Maintain 200m distance minimum.
- Finse to Aurland traverse: Cross the plateau from the railway station at Finse, descending dramatically to Aurlandsfjord.
- Adjacent: Trolltunga: While technically outside the park, the famous “Troll’s Tongue” rock formation is accessed from the park’s western edge near Odda (22 km round trip, 10-12 hours).
Unique Features:
- High plateau with genuinely Arctic-alpine climate
- Europe’s last wild reindeer herds (descended from prehistoric populations)
- Historic WWII resistance routes and memorials
- Hardangerjøkulen glacier visible from eastern sections
- Exceptional fishing in over 2,000 lakes (permit required, available locally)
3. Jostedalsbreen National Park
Mainland Europe’s Largest Glacier — A Living Ice Age
Jostedalsbreen National Park protects the largest glacier on the European mainland—a 487 square kilometer ice cap that dominates the landscape between Sognefjord and Nordfjord. The Jostedalsbreen glacier reaches up to 600 meters thick in places and spawns over 50 outlet glaciers, many of which are accessible for guided walks and ice climbing. Established in 1991, this 1,310 square kilometer park encompasses not just ice, but dramatic valleys carved by glacial action, thundering meltwater rivers, and some of Norway’s most stunning waterfalls.
The glacier is a living laboratory for climate science. Researchers have documented significant recession over recent decades—some outlet glaciers have retreated hundreds of meters in just 20 years. Visiting Jostedalsbreen offers both adventure and a sobering perspective on our changing climate. The milky turquoise glacial lakes, formed by rock flour suspended in meltwater, are among Norway’s most photographed natural features.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 1,310 km² |
| Established | 1991 |
| Glacier coverage | 487 km² (largest in mainland Europe) |
| Ice thickness | Up to 600 meters |
| Number of outlet glaciers | 50+ |
| Highest point | Lodalskåpa (2,083m) |
| Best time | June - September |
| Primary access | Jostedal, Olden, Luster, Stryn |
Glacier Experiences with Costs:
| Experience | Duration | Approximate Cost | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nigardsbreen Easy Walk | 3-4 hours | NOK 650-850 | Beginner |
| Nigardsbreen Blue Ice Hike | 5-6 hours | NOK 1,100-1,400 | Moderate |
| Briksdalsbreen Valley Hike | 2-3 hours | Free (self-guided) | Easy |
| Glacier Kayaking | 3-4 hours | NOK 800-1,100 | Moderate |
| Ice Climbing | 6-8 hours | NOK 1,500-2,200 | Advanced |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Guided glacier walk on Nigardsbreen: The most accessible blue ice experience in Norway. Walk through crevasses, ice tunnels, and azure pools. Multiple operators run daily tours from the parking area (45-minute drive from Sogndal).
- Hike to Briksdalsbreen glacier face: A 3 km valley walk from Briksdalsbre Fjellstove to the glacier terminus—one of Norway’s most popular short hikes. Note: the glacier has retreated significantly; the lake in front grows annually.
- Kayaking in glacial lakes: Paddle on the surreal turquoise waters of Nigardsbreen lake surrounded by ice and rock walls.
Important Safety Information:
- All glacier walks require certified guides—ice conditions change hourly
- Crevasses are hidden; solo glacier travel is extremely dangerous
- Book at least 1-2 days ahead during peak season (July-August)
- Bring warm layers—glacier temperatures are significantly colder than valleys
Insider Tip: The lesser-known Austdalsbreen outlet glacier near Tungestølen offers glacier experiences with far fewer crowds than Nigardsbreen. The approach hike through Langedalen valley is spectacular.
4. Rondane National Park
Norway’s First National Park — Where Conservation Began
Established in 1962, Rondane holds the distinction of being Norway’s first national park—the birthplace of Norwegian nature conservation. The park’s 963 square kilometers protect a classic Norwegian mountain landscape of rounded peaks (the result of millions of years of erosion), alpine plateaus, and wide valleys. While the terrain is generally less dramatic than Jotunheimen, Rondane offers genuine wilderness with significantly fewer visitors, making it ideal for those seeking solitude.
The park is also deeply connected to Norwegian cultural heritage. Henrik Ibsen set scenes from his epic poem “Peer Gynt” in these mountains, and the Peer Gynt trail remains a popular hiking route. The Rondane massif contains ten peaks above 2,000 meters, with Rondslottet (“Rondane’s Palace”) at 2,178m offering accessible high-altitude hiking.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 963 km² |
| Established | 1962 (Norway’s first) |
| Peaks above 2,000m | 10 peaks |
| Highest point | Rondslottet (2,178m) |
| Wild reindeer | Significant population |
| Best time | June - September |
| Primary access | Otta, Folldal, Ringebu, Mysuseter |
| DNT cabins | 10+ staffed and self-service |
Recommended Hikes:
| Hike | Distance | Duration | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rondslottet Summit | 18 km | 7-9 hours | Moderate-Hard |
| Storronden | 14 km | 5-7 hours | Moderate |
| Peer Gynt Trail (section) | Variable | Multi-day | Easy-Moderate |
| Rondvassbu Circuit | 25 km | 2 days | Moderate |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Summit Rondslottet (2,178m): Norway’s most accessible 2,000+ meter peak with marked trails and no technical difficulty. Start from Rondvassbu cabin.
- Peer Gynt Trail: A 60 km cultural hiking route through landscapes that inspired Norway’s national poet.
- Multi-day cabin hikes: The DNT cabin network allows comfortable multi-day wilderness experiences.
Character:
- Gentler terrain than Jotunheimen—excellent for intermediate hikers
- Significantly less crowded—expect to have trails largely to yourself
- Classic Norwegian mountain landscape celebrated in literature
- Excellent autumn colors in September
5. Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park
Home of the Musk Ox — Where Ice Age Megafauna Still Roam
Dovrefjell is Norway’s most unique wildlife destination—the ONLY place in Norway (and Scandinavia) where you can observe wild musk oxen. These Ice Age survivors, reintroduced from Greenland in the 1930s-40s, have thrived on the park’s tundra-like plateau. Today, a population of approximately 250-300 musk oxen roams the park, representing one of the few places outside the High Arctic where these prehistoric creatures exist in the wild.
Musk Ox Safari Details:
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Population | 250-300 animals |
| Safari Price | NOK 650 adults |
| Duration | 5-6 hours |
| Hiking Distance | 7-15 km |
| Sighting Probability | 99% |
| Minimum Distance | 200 meters |
| Best Season | May-October |
| Base Locations | Oppdal, Hjerkinn |
The park’s 1,693 square kilometers (expanded and merged with Sunndalsfjella in 2002) protect a complete Arctic-alpine ecosystem. The famous peak Snøhetta (2,286m)—Norway’s highest mountain outside Jotunheimen—dominates the landscape. The park also features the architecturally stunning Viewpoint Snøhetta at Tverrfjellet, a groundbreaking wildlife observation pavilion designed to blend with the landscape.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 1,693 km² |
| Established | 2002 (expanded from 1974 park) |
| Musk ox population | 300-350 animals |
| Highest point | Snøhetta (2,286m) |
| Other wildlife | Wild reindeer, Arctic fox, wolverine |
| Best time | June - September (musk ox visible year-round) |
| Primary access | Oppdal, Dombås, Hjerkinn |
| Musk ox safari operators | Several licensed guides |
Wildlife Viewing Options:
| Experience | Duration | Approximate Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Guided Musk Ox Safari | 4-6 hours | NOK 500-850 |
| Self-guided Musk Ox Area | Variable | Free |
| Snøhetta Summit Hike | 8-10 hours | Free (challenging) |
| Viewpoint Snøhetta Visit | 1-2 hours | Free |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Musk ox safari (guided strongly recommended): Experienced guides know current herd locations and ensure safe viewing distances. Tours depart from Hjerkinn and Kongsvoll.
- Snøhetta summit (2,286m): A challenging but non-technical climb. The standard route from Snøheim cabin involves 1,100m elevation gain over 9 km each way.
- Viewpoint Snøhetta at Tverrfjellet: Award-winning architecture providing shelter for wildlife observation with panoramic mountain views.
Wildlife:
- Musk oxen (300-350): Best viewing May-October; visible against snow in winter
- Wild reindeer: Large herds, especially in autumn migration
- Arctic fox (rare): One of Norway’s most endangered mammals
- Wolverine: Present but rarely seen
- Golden eagle, gyrfalcon: Raptor territory
6. Folgefonna National Park
Accessible Glacier Adventure — Summer Skiing at Sea Level Latitude
Folgefonna protects Norway’s third-largest glacier—a 207 square kilometer ice cap rising directly from the Hardangerfjord. This 545 square kilometer park offers perhaps Norway’s most accessible glacier experiences, including the unique opportunity for summer skiing at Fonna Glacier Ski Resort. The juxtaposition of glacier and fjord creates dramatic landscapes where you can ski in the morning and kayak in a fjord by afternoon.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 545 km² |
| Established | 2005 |
| Glacier coverage | 207 km² (Norway’s third-largest) |
| Highest point | Søstefonn (1,660m) |
| Best time | May - September |
| Primary access | Jondal, Rosendal, Odda |
| Summer skiing | May - October at Fonna Glacier Ski Resort |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Summer skiing at Fonna Glacier Ski Resort: One of Norway’s few glacier ski areas, offering skiing from May through October. Day pass approximately NOK 420-520.
- Guided glacier walk: Multiple operators offer blue ice experiences from Jondal side.
- Bondhusvatnet lake hike: A stunning 4 km walk to a glacial lake surrounded by waterfalls—one of Western Norway’s most beautiful short hikes.
- Buerbreen glacier hike: More challenging approach to a dramatic glacier tongue.
7. Lofoten — Not a National Park, But Equally Essential
Protected Through Multiple Designations — Norway’s Most Photographed Archipelago
While Lofoten lacks unified national park status (a long-debated political question), significant areas are protected through nature reserves, landscape protection areas, and marine reserves. The archipelago’s dramatic granite peaks rising directly from Arctic seas, traditional fishing villages with red wooden rorbuer (fishermen’s cabins), and extraordinary light conditions make it Norway’s most photographed destination.
The newest protection is Lofotodden National Park (2018), covering the southwestern tip of the archipelago around Reine and Moskenes. This 99 square kilometer park protects the iconic peaks and coastline that define Lofoten’s image worldwide.
Protected Areas:
- Lofotodden National Park (2018): 99 km² covering Moskenesøy
- Røstlandet Nature Reserve: Important seabird breeding grounds
- Numerous landscape protection areas: Covering peaks and coastline
- Marine protection zones: Protecting traditional fishing grounds
Essential Lofoten Hikes:
| Hike | Distance | Duration | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reinebringen | 3.5 km | 2-3 hours | Hard (steep stairs) |
| Ryten (Kvalvika Beach view) | 9 km | 4-5 hours | Moderate |
| Munken | 8 km | 4-5 hours | Moderate-Hard |
| Tindstinden | 6 km | 3-4 hours | Moderate |
Insider Tip: Lofoten’s popularity has exploded in recent years. For better experiences, visit in September when the midnight sun has ended but northern lights season begins, and the summer crowds have departed. The light for photography is arguably even better.
8. Svalbard National Parks
Arctic Wilderness — The World’s Northernmost Protected Areas
Svalbard’s seven national parks protect over 44,000 square kilometers of Arctic wilderness—larger than many countries. Located between 74 and 81 degrees North latitude, these parks encompass polar desert, massive glaciers (60% of Svalbard is ice-covered), and critical habitat for polar bears, Arctic foxes, walrus, and millions of seabirds. Svalbard represents one of the world’s last genuinely pristine wilderness areas.
Svalbard Polar Bear Facts:
| Metric | Data |
|---|---|
| Total population | ~3,000 polar bears |
| Within main boundaries | ~270 individuals |
| Protected since | 1973 |
| Minimum distance | 300m (500m Mar-Jun from 2025) |
| Viewing method | Expedition cruises only |
| Cruise prices | From 10,660 EUR per person |
Important: There are NO organized land-based polar bear safaris in Svalbard. The only reliable method to see polar bears is aboard expedition cruises circumnavigating the archipelago over 7-14 days.
| Park | Area | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Northeast Svalbard | 18,769 km2 | Norway’s largest park; polar bear territory |
| Sor-Spitsbergen | 13,286 km2 | Hornsund fjord, glaciers, seabird cliffs |
| Forlandet | 4,647 km2 | Walrus haul-outs, seabird colonies |
| Nordvest-Spitsbergen | 3,683 km2 | Magdalenafjord, historic sites |
| Nordenskiold Land | 1,362 km2 | Accessible from Longyearbyen |
| Indre Wijdefjord | 1,127 km2 | Remote wilderness |
| Sassen-Bunsow Land | 1,230 km2 | Tempelfjord, glaciers |
Practical Information:
- Polar bear danger: Firearms are mandatory outside Longyearbyen. Expedition cruises or guided tours are the safest access methods.
- Best access: Expedition cruises (typically 7-14 days) offer the most comprehensive park access. Shorter boat trips available from Longyearbyen.
- Permits: Required for overnight stays in parks; available from Governor of Svalbard.
- Season: June-August for wildlife and 24-hour daylight; February-March for winter expeditions and Northern Lights.
Wildlife Calendar:
- Polar bears: 3,000+ in Svalbard; visible year-round, best on expedition cruises
- Walrus: Best viewed at Moffen Island and Poolepynten (July-August)
- Seabirds: Millions nest on cliffs May-August
- Arctic foxes, reindeer: Endemic subspecies throughout
9. Varangerhalvøya National Park
Arctic Norway’s Easternmost Wilderness — Europe’s Edge
Varangerhalvøya National Park protects the Varanger Peninsula’s unique Arctic tundra—the easternmost point of mainland Norway and one of Europe’s most remote regions. Established in 2006, this 1,804 square kilometer park features a landscape more reminiscent of northern Russia than typical Norway: vast treeless tundra, dramatic coastal cliffs, and one of Europe’s richest Arctic bird habitats.
The Varanger Peninsula lies at the same latitude as northern Alaska and experiences some of Norway’s most extreme weather. The midnight sun shines from mid-May through late July, while polar twilight persists through the winter months. This is not a park for casual visitors—but for those seeking genuine Arctic wilderness without traveling to Svalbard, Varangerhalvøya delivers an unforgettable experience.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 1,804 km² |
| Established | 2006 |
| Latitude | 70°N (Arctic) |
| Key wildlife | Seabirds, ptarmigan, Arctic fox |
| Midnight sun | May 17 - July 27 |
| Best time | June - August |
| Primary access | Vardø, Båtsfjord, Vadsø |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Arctic birdwatching: The Varanger Peninsula is Norway’s premier birding destination, with species difficult to see elsewhere in Europe including Steller’s eider, Ross’s gull, and gyrfalcon.
- Midnight sun hiking: Experience the surreal endless daylight of Arctic summer.
- Coastal exploration: Dramatic cliffs and sea stacks along the Barents Sea coast.
10. Femundsmarka National Park
Wilderness Lakes and Forests — Norway’s Canoe Country
Femundsmarka offers a Norwegian wilderness experience unlike the dramatic mountains that define most parks. This 573 square kilometer park (expanded from the 1971 original) protects ancient boreal forests, countless lakes, and a landscape that stretches into Sweden. Femunden, Norway’s third-largest lake, lies at the park’s heart, offering multi-day canoe expeditions through pristine wilderness.
The forest here belongs to the taiga ecosystem—the great boreal forest belt that circles the northern globe. Some pine trees exceed 500 years of age. The park connects to Sweden’s Rogen Nature Reserve, creating one of Scandinavia’s largest contiguous wilderness areas.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Area | 573 km² |
| Established | 1971 (expanded 2003) |
| Character | Boreal forest, lakes, tundra |
| Lakes | Hundreds, including Femunden (Norway’s third-largest) |
| Best time | June - September |
| Primary access | Røros, Femunden, Elgå |
| Canoeing | Multi-day routes possible |
Must-Do Experiences:
- Multi-day canoe expeditions: The classic Femundsmarka experience. Routes range from 2-day loops to week-long crossings into Sweden.
- Fishing: Excellent for trout and char in wilderness lakes. Fishing permit required (available locally, approximately NOK 200-400/week).
- Cabin-to-cabin hiking: DNT cabins provide comfortable bases for exploring.
- Connection to Røros: The UNESCO World Heritage mining town of Røros makes an excellent base for park access.
Insider Tip: Femundsmarka is Norway’s answer to Canada’s canoe country. For those seeking wilderness solitude rather than mountain summits, this park delivers an experience unavailable anywhere else in Norway.
Norway Nature ToursComplete List of Norwegian National Parks
Mainland Parks (40)
| Region | Parks |
|---|---|
| Southern Norway | Hardangervidda, Folgefonna, Hallingskarvet, Jotunheimen, Breheimen, Jostedalsbreen |
| Central Norway | Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella, Rondane, Reinheimen, Langsua, Dovre |
| Western Norway | Stølsheimen, Nærøyfjord (UNESCO), Ålfotbreen |
| Northern Norway | Saltfjellet-Svartisen, Junkerdal, Rago, Møysalen, Lofotodden |
| Arctic Norway | Reisa, Øvre Dividal, Seiland, Varangerhalvøya, Stabbursdalen, Øvre Pasvik |
| Coastal | Ytre Hvaler, Raet, Færder |
| Inland | Femundsmarka, Gutulia, Fulufjellet, Lierne, Blåfjella-Skjækerfjella |
| Other | Forollhogna, Trollheimen, Skarvan og Roltdalen, Børgefjell |
Svalbard Parks (7)
- Northeast Svalbard (18,769 km²)
- Sør-Spitsbergen (13,286 km²)
- Forlandet (4,647 km²)
- Nordvest-Spitsbergen (3,683 km²)
- Nordenskiöld Land (1,362 km²)
- Indre Wijdefjord (1,127 km²)
- Sassen-Bünsow Land (1,230 km²)
Planning Your National Park Visit
Best Times by Park Type and Activity
| Park Type | Best Season | Peak Months | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mountain Parks | Late June - Sept | July - August | Snow clears mid-June at high elevations |
| Glacier Parks | June - Sept | July - August | Guided walks available; ice conditions optimal |
| Coastal Parks | May - October | June - August | Milder weather; seabird colonies active May-July |
| Arctic Mainland | June - August | July | Midnight sun; accessible weather |
| Forest Parks | June - September | July - August | Mosquitoes worst June; autumn colors September |
| Svalbard | June - August | July | 24-hour daylight; wildlife most active |
| Winter Activities | February - April | March | Cross-country skiing; aurora viewing |
Seasonal Considerations from a Norwegian Perspective
June: Snow begins clearing from mountain passes. Lower routes open; high alpine routes (above 1,500m) may remain snowbound. Longest days of the year. Waterfalls at maximum flow from snowmelt.
July: Peak season. All routes typically open. Warmest weather. Most crowded period—Besseggen sees 1,000+ hikers on peak days. Midnight sun above Arctic Circle (Tromsø: May 20 - July 22).
August: Excellent conditions continue. Crowds thin slightly late month. Berry season begins. First hints of autumn colors at high elevations.
September: Shoulder season magic. Autumn colors spectacular. Northern lights season begins. Mountain huts begin closing mid-month. Weather increasingly variable.
What to Bring — Norwegian Hiking Essentials
Essential Gear (All Seasons):
- Sturdy hiking boots (broken in before major hikes)
- Waterproof jacket and pants (Gore-Tex or equivalent)
- Warm layers including fleece/down mid-layer
- Hat, gloves (even in summer at altitude)
- Map and compass/GPS device
- Headlamp with fresh batteries
- Water (1.5-2 liters minimum) and high-energy food
- First aid kit including blister treatment
- Emergency bivvy or space blanket
- Mobile phone (download offline maps via ut.no app)
- Sunscreen and sunglasses (snow reflection)
For DNT Cabin Stays:
- Sleeping bag liner (blankets and pillows provided at staffed cabins)
- DNT membership card or willingness to pay non-member rates
- Cash (NOK) for self-service cabins and food purchases
- Your own food for unstaffed cabins
- Earplugs (cabin bunkrooms can be social)
Norwegian Insider Tip: The weather in Norwegian mountains is famously unpredictable. The saying “det finnes ikke darlig vaer, bare darlig klaer” (there’s no bad weather, only bad clothing) encapsulates the Norwegian approach. Even on forecasted sunny days, carry waterproofs.
The DNT Cabin System — A Norwegian Institution
The Norwegian Trekking Association (Den Norske Turistforening, DNT) maintains one of the world’s most comprehensive mountain cabin networks—over 550 cabins connected by 22,000 kilometers of marked trails. Founded in 1868, DNT is central to Norwegian outdoor culture.
Cabin Categories:
| Type | Description | Booking | Food | Typical Cost (Members) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staffed (Betjent) | Hotel-style with meals | Required | Provided | NOK 395-595/night |
| Self-Service (Selvbetjent) | Stocked pantry, pay honor system | Not required | Pantry available | NOK 250-380/night |
| Unstaffed (Ubetjent) | Basic shelter only | Not required | Bring everything | NOK 180-250/night |
| Private (Privat) | Run by local associations | Varies | Varies | Varies |
How Self-Service Cabins Work:
- Arrive and find an empty bunk
- Sign the guestbook with name and DNT member number
- Use pantry supplies (dried food, canned goods, essentials)
- Record what you consume in the payment book
- Leave payment in the lockbox or pay online within 7 days
- Clean up, refill wood/water as needed
- Lock the cabin when leaving
DNT Membership (2024-2025 Rates):
| Category | Annual Fee | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Individual Adult | NOK 835 | Cabin discounts, key access, maps, magazine |
| Family | NOK 1,190 | Covers household members |
| Youth (under 26) | NOK 430 | Full benefits at reduced rate |
| Senior (67+) | NOK 710 | Full benefits at reduced rate |
Is Membership Worth It? If you plan more than 2-3 cabin nights, membership pays for itself. The organization also maintains trails, publishes excellent maps, and offers guided hikes. Even without membership, you can use all cabins—you simply pay higher rates.
Wildlife in Norwegian National Parks
Species Overview with Viewing Information
| Animal | Norwegian Name | Best Parks | Season | Viewing Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild Reindeer | Villrein | Hardangervidda, Rondane | Year-round | Moderate |
| Musk Ox | Moskusfe | Dovrefjell (only location) | Year-round | Easy (guided) |
| Moose (Elk) | Elg | Femundsmarka, forest parks | May - October | Moderate |
| Arctic Fox | Fjellrev | Dovrefjell, Svalbard | Year-round | Difficult (endangered) |
| Polar Bear | Isbjorn | Svalbard only | Year-round | Moderate (cruise) |
| Wolverine | Jerv | Dovrefjell, Rondane | Year-round | Very Difficult |
| Seabirds | Sjofugl | Coastal parks, Varanger | May - July | Easy |
| Sea Eagles | Havorn | Coastal Norway | Year-round | Easy |
Detailed Wildlife Viewing Guide
Wild Reindeer (Villrein): Norway hosts Europe’s last wild reindeer populations—genetically distinct from domesticated reindeer found elsewhere in Scandinavia. Hardangervidda supports 10,000-15,000 animals. Best viewing occurs during autumn migration (September-October) when herds gather. Keep 200+ meters distance; use binoculars.
Musk Oxen (Moskusfe): Dovrefjell’s 300-350 musk oxen represent one of the world’s most accessible populations of these Ice Age survivors. Guided safaris (NOK 500-850) offer the best viewing with expert safety guidance. These are genuinely dangerous animals—maintain 200m minimum distance and never approach a herd with calves.
Marine Wildlife: Norway’s coastline hosts significant marine life. Whale watching operates from Andenes and Vesteralen (sperm whales year-round), while orca and humpback whale tours run from Tromso and Skjervoy (November-January following herring migrations).
Wildlife Viewing Ethics and Safety
- Maintain distance: Minimum 200 meters for musk ox and reindeer; 100 meters for most other wildlife
- Never feed wildlife: Habituation to humans creates dangerous situations
- Stay on trails: In sensitive areas to avoid disturbance and habitat damage
- Use optics: Binoculars and telephoto lenses allow close observation without approach
- Be quiet: Reduce talking and sudden movements when observing
- In Svalbard: Follow strict polar bear safety protocols—firearms required outside settlements
Conservation, Rules, and Norwegian Outdoor Ethics
Leave No Trace — The Norwegian Approach
Norwegians take wilderness ethics seriously. The concept of “friluftsliv” (outdoor life) carries responsibility alongside freedom. All national parks require adherence to these principles:
- Pack out everything: All rubbish, food waste, and toilet paper must leave with you
- Use established facilities: Toilets, campsites, and fire rings where provided
- Camp responsibly: Minimum 150 meters from cabins and buildings when wild camping
- Fire safety: Open fires prohibited in most parks during summer (April 15 - September 15) due to fire risk; use camp stoves
- Respect wildlife: Observe from distance; never chase, corner, or feed animals
- Stay on trails: In fragile alpine areas, vegetation takes decades to recover from trampling
- Fishing requires permit: Available locally; saltwater fishing is free
Protected Status and Regulations
Norwegian national parks maintain strict protections under the Nature Diversity Act (Naturmangfoldloven):
- No mining, industrial activity, or resource extraction
- Limited construction; no new buildings except for park management
- Hunting by special permit only (primarily for wildlife management)
- All native species legally protected
- Scientific research requires permits
- Dogs must be leashed April 1 - August 20 (nesting/calving season)
- Drones require permits and are prohibited in most sensitive areas
Getting to Norway’s National Parks
Public Transport Access — Sustainable Options
Many parks are accessible without a car, supporting sustainable travel:
| Park | Public Transport | Route |
|---|---|---|
| Jotunheimen | Bus | Oslo-Gjendesheim (Valdresekspressen) |
| Rondane | Train + Bus | Oslo-Otta (train) + local bus to trailheads |
| Hardangervidda | Train | Bergen Railway to Finse (car-free access) |
| Jostedalsbreen | Bus | Bergen-Sogndal-Jostedal |
| Folgefonna | Bus + Ferry | Bergen-Rosendal ferry + local connections |
| Dovrefjell | Train | Oslo-Trondheim train stops at Dombs, Hjerkinn |
The Entur App: Download Norway’s comprehensive public transport app (entur.no) for planning multi-modal journeys. It combines trains, buses, ferries, and boats throughout Norway.
By Car — Maximum Flexibility
For full flexibility, especially visiting multiple parks or reaching remote trailheads, car rental is recommended:
- Major rental companies: At Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger airports
- Typical cost: NOK 800-1,500/day depending on vehicle and season
- Fuel: Approximately NOK 20-22/liter (gasoline/diesel)
- Electric vehicles: Excellent charging infrastructure; many rental options
- Toll roads: AutoPASS system; rental cars typically include toll handling
Parking at Trailheads: Most popular trailheads have parking (often NOK 100-200/day in peak season). At extremely popular locations (Trolltunga, Besseggen), parking can fill by 8 AM in July—arrive early or use shuttle services.
Organized Tours and Guided Experiences
For those preferring guided experiences or lacking equipment:
- DNT Guided Hikes: The trekking association offers organized trips throughout summer
- Private Guiding Companies: Numerous operators specialize in glacier walking, mountaineering, and wildlife safaris
- Glacier Guide Services: Required for glacier travel; multiple operators at Jostedalsbreen and Folgefonna
- Wildlife Safaris: Licensed guides for musk ox viewing at Dovrefjell
- Svalbard Expeditions: Mandatory for safe polar bear territory exploration
Practical Information and Costs
Comprehensive Cost Guide (2024-2025)
| Item | Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Park entrance | Free | All parks, no permits required |
| DNT staffed cabin (member) | NOK 395-595/night | Includes breakfast and dinner |
| DNT staffed cabin (non-member) | NOK 595-895/night | +50% over member rate |
| DNT self-service cabin (member) | NOK 250-380/night | Food available at cost |
| DNT self-service cabin (non-member) | NOK 375-570/night | +50% over member rate |
| Guided glacier walk (basic) | NOK 650-850 | 3-4 hours, Nigardsbreen |
| Guided glacier walk (advanced) | NOK 1,100-2,200 | 5-8 hours, blue ice/climbing |
| Musk ox safari | NOK 500-850 | 4-6 hours with guide |
| Fishing permit | NOK 200-400/week | Varies by location |
| Trailhead parking | NOK 100-250/day | Peak season; free off-season some locations |
Safety Information — Be Prepared
Norwegian mountain weather can change from sunshine to blizzard conditions within hours, even in summer. Respect the mountains.
Before Every Hike:
- Check weather at yr.no (Norwegian Meteorological Institute)—most accurate forecasts
- Inform someone of your route and expected return
- Carry emergency supplies even for day hikes
- Know your limits—turn back if conditions deteriorate
- Download offline maps (ut.no app has excellent trail database)
- Ensure phone is fully charged; carry power bank
Emergency Contacts:
- Emergency services: 112
- Mountain rescue coordination: 112 (police dispatch rescue)
- Weather updates: yr.no
Norwegian Mountain Safety Philosophy: The Norwegian approach emphasizes personal responsibility. Rescue services are excellent but may take hours in remote areas. The mountain does not care about your schedule—decisions to turn back are respected, not criticized.
Essential Digital and Print Resources
| Resource | Purpose | Access |
|---|---|---|
| nasjonalparker.no | Official park information | Web |
| ut.no | Trail database with maps | Web/App |
| yr.no | Weather forecasts | Web/App |
| dnt.no | DNT cabin bookings, membership | Web |
| inatur.no | Fishing and hunting permits | Web |
| entur.no | Public transport planning | Web/App |
| 1881.no | Emergency/general information | Web |
| varsom.no | Avalanche warnings (winter) | Web/App |
Paper Maps: While digital resources are excellent, paper maps remain essential backup. DNT publishes the definitive series of hiking maps (Turkart) covering all major national parks. Available at DNT offices, bookstores, and many outdoor shops.
Wildlife in Norway’s National Parks Summary
Norway’s national parks protect globally significant wildlife populations:
Key Wildlife Statistics
| Species | Population | Primary Location | Safari/Viewing Options |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wild Reindeer | 70,000-80,000 | Hardangervidda (6,000-7,000) | Self-guided hiking |
| Musk Ox | 250-300 | Dovrefjell (ONLY location) | Guided safari NOK 650 |
| Polar Bears | ~3,000 | Svalbard parks | Expedition cruise from 10,660 EUR |
| Moose | ~100,000 | Forest parks nationwide | Dawn/dusk safaris |
| Sea Eagles | 3,500+ pairs | Coastal areas | Boat safaris |
Global Significance
- Norway’s wild reindeer represent 90% of the world’s remaining wild tundra reindeer
- Dovrefjell is the ONLY place in Norway (and Scandinavia) to see musk ox
- Svalbard’s polar bear population is one of the world’s most accessible for responsible viewing
- Europe’s largest sea eagle population nests along Norway’s coast
Final Thoughts — Why Norway’s National Parks Matter
Norway’s 47 national parks represent some of Europe’s last great wilderness areas—landscapes where wild reindeer still migrate across ancient routes, glaciers testify to ice ages past and climate change present, and mountains remain genuinely wild. From the dramatic vertical world of Jotunheimen to the endless horizontal of Hardangervidda (3,422 km2 with 6,000-7,000 wild reindeer), from Arctic Svalbard’s polar bears (~3,000) to Dovrefjell’s musk oxen (250-300), these protected landscapes offer hiking, wildlife encounters, and natural beauty on a scale increasingly rare in our developed world.
Park System Highlights:
- 47 total parks: 40 mainland + 7 Svalbard
- Oldest: Rondane (1962) - Norway’s first national park
- Newest: Ostmarka (2023) - protecting wilderness near Oslo
- Largest: Sor-Spitsbergen (13,286 km2) on Svalbard
- Largest mainland: Hardangervidda (3,422 km2)
What makes Norway’s system truly remarkable is its accessibility. The combination of free entry, the ancient right to roam (allemannsretten), and the extraordinary DNT cabin network creates a remarkably democratic system—these wild places belong to everyone willing to lace up hiking boots and venture into the mountains. No permits, no reservations for most areas, no entrance fees. Just open landscapes and the freedom to explore.
According to Statistics Norway, over 25 million tourist nights were recorded in Norway in 2023, with summer months driving the majority of visitation. Yet even at peak season, most of Norway’s protected wilderness remains uncrowded. Step beyond the famous trails—Besseggen, Trolltunga, Preikestolen—and you enter a quieter world where solitude is still possible.
Whether you spend a single day hiking Besseggen Ridge or a week traversing Hardangervidda’s plateau, Norway’s national parks deliver experiences that justify the country’s reputation as one of the world’s great outdoor destinations. The mountains are waiting—and they’ve been waiting since the Ice Age.
Additional Resources
- Official park information: Norwegian National Parks
- Tourism information: Visit Norway Nature
- Trail planning: ut.no
- DNT cabin bookings: DNT
- Weather forecasts: yr.no
- Transport planning: Entur
Information sourced from the Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljodirektoratet), Norwegian Polar Institute, Statistics Norway (SSB), and the Norwegian Trekking Association (DNT). Wildlife populations, trail conditions, and accessibility vary seasonally—always verify current conditions before planning visits. Last updated January 2026.