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Traditional Norwegian Christmas market with wooden stalls, lights, and snow in Bergen
Culture
Cultural Guide

Norwegian Christmas (Jul)
Complete Guide to Traditions, Food & Markets 2025

Experience authentic Norwegian Christmas celebrations. Discover Jul traditions, festive food like ribbe and pinnekjøtt, Christmas markets, Julenisse folklore, and how to celebrate like a local.

Category Culture
Read Time 18 min
Updated Jan 2026
Quick Overview
Cultural Guide

Experience authentic Norwegian Christmas celebrations. Discover Jul traditions, festive food like ribbe and pinnekjøtt, Christmas markets, J...

Category Culture
Read Time 18 min
Latitude 59.9°N
Longitude 10.8°E
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Christmas in Norway—called Jul (pronounced “yool”)—is a magical celebration blending ancient Norse winter solstice traditions with Christian customs, creating one of the world’s most atmospheric and authentic festive seasons. From the moment December arrives, Norway transforms into a wonderland of candlelit windows, aromatic baked goods, and markets selling handcrafted gifts while the Northern Lights dance overhead in Arctic regions.

But the real magic lies in traditions that have remained remarkably unchanged for centuries: families holding hands and dancing around Christmas trees while singing carols, the mythical Julenissen delivering presents door-to-door on Christmas Eve, and tables groaning under feasts of ribbe, pinnekjott, and seven varieties of homemade cookies. Whether you’re visiting during the festive season or simply curious about Norwegian culture, understanding Jul reveals the soul of Norwegian identity.

According to Statistics Norway (SSB), Christmas spending exceeds 20 billion NOK annually, yet Norwegian Jul remains remarkably resistant to commercialization. The emphasis is firmly on “koselig” (coziness), family traditions, and creating light in the darkness—both literal and figurative—during the year’s longest nights.

When Norwegians Celebrate Christmas

The Central Importance of Christmas Eve

The single most important difference from American and British traditions: Norwegians celebrate Christmas primarily on December 24th—Christmas Eve (Julaften). This is the heart of Norwegian Jul.

What happens on Julaften:

TimeTradition
Morning/AfternoonFinal preparations; some attend church services
5:00 PMChurch bells ring simultaneously across Norway—official start of Christmas
6:00 PMChristmas dinner begins (timing varies by family)
After dinnerJulenissen may arrive in person with gifts
EveningGift opening; holding hands and dancing around the tree while singing
Late eveningGames, conversation, togetherness; some attend midnight services

Christmas Day (December 25th) is typically a quiet, private affair—resting, enjoying leftovers with immediate family, perhaps a quiet walk in the snow. The contrast with the bustling activity of Christmas Eve is intentional: December 24th is for celebration; December 25th is for rest.

Little Christmas Eve (Lille Julaften)—December 23rd

December 23rd holds special significance in Norwegian hearts. Lille Julaften (Little Christmas Eve) is the day of delicious anticipation:

  • Tree decorating: Many families wait until this day to decorate the tree
  • Final cooking: The ribbe goes in the oven; last cookies are baked
  • Lutefisk dinner: Some families serve lutefisk on this evening
  • Final shopping: Last chance before everything closes
  • Atmosphere: The sense of impending celebration; excitement building

The name reflects Norwegian culture’s emphasis on anticipation as part of the experience—the day before Christmas Eve is important enough to have its own name.

Julenisse—The Norwegian Santa

Not Quite Santa Claus

Unlike American Santa Claus, Norwegian presents are delivered by Julenisse—a folklore creature rooted in ancient Nordic traditions. According to Scandinavian Standard, the Julenisse is quite different from the Santa we know.

What is Julenisse?

CharacteristicDescription
AppearanceShort, bearded figure with a red pointed cap
HeightBetween 6 inches to 3 feet tall
OriginNordic farm guardian mythology (nisse/tomte)
DeliveryGoes door-to-door on Christmas Eve
OfferingFamilies leave rice porridge (julegrøt) for him

The Nisse Tradition

Nisse are mythological creatures from Nordic folklore—little people who traditionally helped families tend farms and homes. They’re essentially gnomes, pictured in breeches and boots with colored jackets and tall pointed caps. Male nisse have long white beards and big noses.

On Christmas Eve, Norwegian families leave out a bowl of julegrøt (rice porridge with sugar, cinnamon, and butter) to thank the Julenisse for his gift delivery—and to ensure good fortune for the coming year.

Traditional Norwegian Christmas Food

The Great Debate: Ribbe vs. Pinnekjøtt

Christmas dinner in Norway sparks passionate debate—over half the nation swears by ribbe, while the rest (particularly western Norwegians) champion pinnekjøtt.

Ribbe (Roasted Pork Ribs):

DetailInformation
What it isPork ribs or belly, bone-in, with crispy crackling
PopularityMost popular Christmas Eve dinner nationally
Served withSauerkraut, potatoes, lingonberry jam
PreparationSlow-roasted for several hours

Pinnekjøtt (Lamb Ribs):

DetailInformation
What it isDry-cured (and sometimes smoked) lamb ribs
PopularityTraditional in Western Norway, gaining nationwide
Served withMashed rutabaga, boiled potatoes
Name meaning”Stick meat”—steamed over birch sticks

Other Traditional Main Dishes

  • Lutefisk: Cod cured in lye—an acquired taste and beloved tradition
  • Boiled cod: Fresh cod with butter and simple sides
  • Ham roast: Glazed Christmas ham
  • Turkey: Increasingly popular, especially with younger families
Learn More About Norwegian Christmas Food

The Seven Christmas Cookies

According to Life in Norway, tradition dictates that seven different kinds of Christmas cookies (småkaker) must be enjoyed at Christmas—and all should be home-baked.

Common varieties include:

  • Smultringer: Deep-fried doughnuts
  • Sandkaker: Almond cookies in fluted tins
  • Sirupssnipper: Syrup-spiced diamond cookies
  • Berlinerkranser: Wreath-shaped vanilla cookies
  • Goro: Thin, crispy waffle cookies
  • Krumkaker: Cone-shaped wafer cookies
  • Fattigmann: “Poor man’s cookies”—crispy, twisted treats

Rice Porridge and the Hidden Almond

Risengrynsgrøt (rice porridge) is served on Christmas Eve or throughout the season, with a special twist: one single almond is hidden in the pot, scalded to leave it white. Whoever finds the almond wins a prize—traditionally a marzipan pig.

Speaking of marzipan: according to manufacturer Nidar, Norway’s 5 million people eat more than 40 million marzipan figures during the Christmas season.

Traditional Christmas Drinks

Gløgg—Norwegian Mulled Wine

Gløgg is the quintessential Norwegian Christmas drink—a warm, spicy mulled wine that embodies everything about Norwegian hygge (or “koselig”).

IngredientPurpose
Red wineBase (or grape juice for non-alcoholic)
CinnamonWarm spice
CardamomNordic signature flavor
ClovesAromatic depth
Raisins & almondsTraditional garnish

According to Wine Enthusiast, the act of sharing gløgg embodies the spirit of “koselig”—the Norwegian concept of coziness, contentment, and connection.

Non-alcoholic versions are extremely popular and equally traditional.

Other Festive Beverages

  • Juleøl (Christmas beer): A malty, special-release beer available from November
  • Aquavit: Potato-based spirit with caraway, anise, and herbs—served chilled with dinner
  • Julebrus: A sweet, creamy festive soft drink (usually red or brown)—the children’s favorite

Christmas Markets 2025

Oslo Markets

Spikersuppa (Winter Wonderland):

DetailInformation
LocationKarl Johans gate, near Royal Palace
Dates 2025November 8 - January 4, 2026
FeaturesFood stalls, skating rink, Ferris wheel
AtmosphereCentral, bustling, romantic

Norsk Folkemuseum:

Traditional market at Norway’s cultural history museum, featuring historic buildings and authentic crafts. December 6-7 and 13-14, 2025.

Explore Oslo Christmas Tours

Bergen—Gingerbread City

Bergen hosts one of Norway’s longest-running Christmas markets, operating from late November through December 22nd. But the real attraction is Pepperkakebyen—the world’s largest gingerbread village, created annually by local schoolchildren. This incredible display features hundreds of gingerbread buildings recreating Bergen’s famous architecture.

Røros—The “Frozen” Christmas

The UNESCO World Heritage mining town of Røros is often cited as inspiration for Disney’s “Frozen.” During winter, Røros becomes a snowy wonderland and hosts one of Norway’s most beautiful Christmas markets. The combination of historic wooden buildings, authentic atmosphere, and genuine snow creates a storybook setting.

Other Notable Markets

  • Trondheim: Atmospheric market in historic surroundings
  • Tromsø: Arctic Christmas with northern lights potential
  • Lillehammer: Traditional mountain town celebration

Christmas Decorations and Customs

The Christmas Tree

Norwegian Christmas trees differ from American traditions:

  • Julekurver: Heart-shaped paper baskets replace round ornaments—often stuffed with Norwegian flags and treats
  • Real trees: Artificial trees are rare; most families choose fresh-cut spruce
  • Lighting: Real candles were traditional (now mostly electric for safety)
  • Timing: Trees are decorated on Lille Julaften (December 23rd)

Dancing Around the Tree

On Christmas Eve, after dinner and before presents, Norwegian families hold hands and dance around the Christmas tree while singing carols. Everyone participates—grandparents, parents, children—walking in circles around the lit tree. This tradition might feel unusual to visitors but is deeply cherished by Norwegians.

Traditional Decorations

  • Julekurver: Heart-shaped woven baskets
  • Wheat sheaves: Hung outside for birds to feast on
  • Julebukk: Straw goat ornament (representing Thor’s magical goats)
  • Nisse figurines: Little gnome decorations throughout the home
  • Candles: Candlelight is essential to Norwegian Christmas atmosphere

Julebord—The Norwegian Christmas Party

Julebord is the traditional Norwegian Christmas party, held with family, friends, or colleagues throughout December. Many Norwegians attend multiple julebord each season.

What to know:

  • Dress code: Despite Norway’s casual culture, julebord is formal—bowties, suits, and ball gowns are normal
  • Food: Traditional Christmas buffet with ribbe, pinnekjøtt, lutefisk
  • Drinking: Known for being “boozy affairs”—pace yourself
  • Dancing: Traditional folk dancing often follows dinner
  • Timing: Usually held in the weeks before Christmas Eve

Visiting Norway at Christmas

What’s Open and Closed

Expect closures:

  • December 24th (afternoon): Nearly everything closes by 2-3 PM
  • December 25th-26th: Most shops, restaurants, and attractions closed
  • Some tourist attractions may close the entire Christmas week

What remains open:

  • Some hotels and hotel restaurants
  • Emergency services
  • Some museums (check in advance)
  • Ski resorts and winter activities

Best Experiences for Visitors

  • Christmas markets: Visit before December 23rd
  • Northern lights: Combine Christmas with aurora viewing in Tromsø
  • Winter activities: Dog sledding, skiing, snowmobiling operate through the holidays
  • Cozy cafes: Find a warm spot for gløgg and pastries
  • Church services: Christmas Eve services welcome visitors (some in English)
Browse Norway Christmas Experiences

The Ancient Origins of Jul

From Viking Feast to Modern Celebration

The Norwegian word Jul predates Christianity in Scandinavia by centuries. It comes from Old Norse jol (also spelled jól), which described the great midwinter celebration held around the winter solstice—the longest night of the year.

The Pre-Christian Jol:

ElementAncient TraditionModern Echo
TimingWinter solstice (December 21-22)Christmas Eve (December 24)
PurposeHonor the returning sun; appease godsCelebrate light in darkness
FeastingGreat communal meals; sacrificial meatElaborate family dinners
SpiritsOfferings to farm spirits (nisse)Leaving porridge for Julenissen
DecorationsGreenery, straw ornamentsTree, straw goats, wreaths
DurationMulti-day celebrationExtended season through January

When Christianity arrived in Norway (c. 1000 CE), missionaries wisely incorporated existing Jul traditions rather than suppressing them. The midwinter feast became Christmas dinner; the offerings to spirits became gifts from Julenissen; the sacred greenery became the Christmas tree. This layering—pre-Christian Norse, medieval Catholic, Protestant Lutheran—gives Norwegian Christmas its unique depth and resonance.

The Julebukk Connection:

The straw goat ornament (julebukk) found in Norwegian homes directly descends from the goats that pulled the chariot of Thor in Norse mythology. This ancient symbol has been Christmas-ified but retains its connection to pre-Christian belief.

Planning Your Norwegian Christmas Visit

Practical Information for Visitors

What to Know Before You Go:

FactorDetails
Book earlyHotels fill months ahead; popular restaurants need reservations by November
Expect closuresDecember 24 (afternoon onward), 25, 26 nearly everything closes
Christmas markets endMost markets close December 22-23
WeatherExpect -5C to +5C; possible snow; polar night in the north
DaylightOslo: ~6 hours; Tromso: 0 hours (polar night); Bergen: ~6 hours

Best Cities for a Norwegian Christmas:

CityHighlightsDrawbacks
OsloMajor markets; museums; city lights; easy accessBusiest; most expensive
BergenGingerbread city; Bryggen atmosphere; traditional feelRain likely; less snow
TromsoNorthern Lights; polar night atmosphere; Arctic ChristmasExpensive; no daylight
RorosUNESCO heritage; “Frozen” inspiration; authentic snowRemote; limited accommodation
TrondheimMedieval atmosphere; Nidaros Cathedral; less crowdedSmaller; fewer events

Visitor-Friendly Christmas Activities:

ActivityTimingNotes
Christmas marketsLate Nov - Dec 22-23Visit before Dec 23
Church servicesDec 24 (various times)Many welcome visitors; some in English
Christmas dinnerDec 24 eveningHotel restaurants; book far ahead
Northern LightsNov - MarchCombine Christmas with aurora hunting
Winter activitiesDec - MarchDog sledding, skiing operate through holidays
Gingerbread city (Bergen)Nov - JanOpen through holidays

Final Thoughts: The Soul of Norwegian Christmas

Norwegian Christmas offers one of the world’s most atmospheric and meaningful festive experiences—a celebration that has remained authentic despite the globalizing pressures that have homogenized holidays elsewhere. The combination of ancient traditions stretching back to Viking-era midwinter feasts, exceptional food that sparks passionate regional debates, warm family gatherings in candlelit rooms, and the particular magic of Scandinavian winter creates something genuinely special.

The statistics tell part of the story: over 95% of Norwegians maintain traditional Christmas dinners; 40 million marzipan figures consumed in a nation of 5 million people; church bells ringing simultaneously across the country at 5 PM on Christmas Eve. But numbers can’t capture the experience of joining hands with three generations of family to dance around the tree singing carols, or the excitement when Julenissen knocks at the door, or the profound silence of a snow-covered landscape under the polar night.

Why Norwegian Christmas Resonates:

In a world of artificial light, Norwegian Jul celebrates real candlelight. In a culture of constant activity, it mandates days of enforced rest. In an age of global homogenization, it maintains fiercely regional food traditions. The darkness outside makes the light within more precious; the cold makes the warmth more welcome; the silence of closed shops creates space for what actually matters.

Whether you’re visiting Norway during Jul, attending a julebord, recreating traditions at home, or simply appreciating Norwegian culture from afar, understanding these customs connects you with centuries of Nordic heritage—and reminds us all what the holiday season can be when we focus on people, traditions, and light rather than commerce.

God Jul! —Merry Christmas!

Plan Your Norwegian Christmas

Complete Guide to Norwegian Christmas Markets

Oslo Christmas Markets

Spikersuppa (Winter Wonderland Oslo):

DetailInformation
LocationKarl Johans gate, near Royal Palace
Dates 2025November 8 - January 4, 2026
HoursDaily 11:00-21:00 (varies)
FeaturesFood stalls, skating rink, Ferris wheel
AtmosphereCentral, bustling, romantic

Norsk Folkemuseum Christmas Market:

DetailInformation
LocationBygdoy peninsula
Dates 2025December 6-7 and 13-14
FeaturesHistoric buildings, traditional crafts
SpecialGol Stave Church in Christmas setting
CharacterMost authentic traditional market

Bergen Christmas Experiences

Pepperkakebyen (World’s Largest Gingerbread Village):

DetailInformation
WhatHundreds of gingerbread buildings
CreatorsLocal schoolchildren, organizations
SeasonLate November through December
LocationVarying venues annually
FeaturesRecreates Bergen’s famous architecture

Bergen Christmas Market:

DetailInformation
LocationFestplassen/Torgallmenningen
DatesLate November - December 22
FeaturesTraditional stalls, local crafts
BackdropUNESCO Bryggen (inscribed 1979)

Roros: The “Frozen” Christmas

The UNESCO World Heritage mining town of Roros (inscribed 1980) is often cited as inspiration for Disney’s “Frozen.” During December, it transforms into a storybook winter wonderland:

AspectDetails
UNESCO statusWorld Heritage Site since 1980
AtmosphereHistoric wooden buildings, genuine snow
MarketTraditional Christmas market
CharacterMost authentic small-town Christmas
BonusNorthern Lights possible

Additional Norwegian Christmas Markets

MarketLocationCharacter
TrondheimCity centerMedieval atmosphere, Nidaros Cathedral
TromsoArctic cityNorthern Lights, polar night atmosphere
LillehammerMountain townOlympic legacy, traditional mountain Christmas
KristiansandSouthern NorwayFamily-friendly, Dyreparken nearby

Norwegian Christmas Music and Entertainment

Traditional Christmas Songs

Norwegian Christmas has its own musical traditions:

Classic Norwegian Christmas Songs:

SongEnglish TitleCharacter
Deilig er jordenLovely is the EarthHymn, most popular
Jeg er sa glad hver julekveldI Am So Glad Each Christmas EveChildren’s favorite
MusevisaThe Mouse SongHumorous, beloved
O Jul med din gledeO Christmas with Your JoyTraditional carol
Her kommer dine arme smaHere Come Your Poor Little OnesChildren’s procession

Television Traditions

Tre notter for Askepott (Three Wishes for Cinderella):

This Czechoslovak/German film from 1973 has become an essential Norwegian Christmas tradition. Broadcast on Christmas Eve afternoon, it’s watched by millions of Norwegians every year—a phenomenon unique to Scandinavia.

Grevinnen og Hovmesteren (Dinner for One):

Another broadcast tradition, this British comedy sketch airs annually and has become synonymous with Norwegian New Year’s Eve celebrations.

The Economics of Norwegian Christmas

Christmas Spending Statistics

CategoryAnnual SpendingNotes
Total Jul spending20+ billion NOKFood, gifts, decorations
Marzipan figures40+ million consumed5 million population
Christmas trees~1.5 million soldMostly fresh-cut
Gift spending~6,000 NOK per householdAverage estimate

Commercial vs. Traditional Balance

Despite significant spending, Norwegian Christmas remains remarkably resistant to commercialization compared to many countries:

Traditional ElementHow Preserved
Homemade cookies7 varieties expected to be home-baked
Family focusDecember 25 a quiet, private day
Religious observanceChurch attendance remains significant
Ritual mealsTraditional foods maintained
JulenissenLocal folklore vs. commercial Santa

Practical Guide for Visitors

What’s Open During Jul

December 24 (Julaften):

TimeStatus
MorningSome shops open
AfternoonNearly everything closes by 2-3 PM
EveningEssentially nothing open

December 25-26:

ServiceAvailability
HotelsOpen (restaurants may be limited)
RestaurantsVery few; book far ahead
ShopsClosed
MuseumsMost closed
Public transportLimited schedule

December 27-30 (Romjul):

ServiceAvailability
ShopsGradually reopening
RestaurantsMore options available
MuseumsSome reopen
ActivitiesWinter tourism resumes

Best Experiences for Visitors

Activities That Operate Through Christmas:

ActivityLocationNotes
Northern Lights toursTromso, LofotenPeak season
Dog sleddingNorthern NorwayWeather permitting
SkiingMountain resortsPeak season
Gingerbread CityBergenThrough January
Winter sceneryThroughoutAlways available

Booking Considerations

ItemAdvance BookingNotes
Accommodation2-3 monthsPopular destinations fill early
Christmas dinner1-2 monthsVery limited options
Activities2-4 weeksNorthern Lights tours popular
FlightsAs early as possiblePeak travel period

Norwegian Christmas Vocabulary

Essential Terms

NorwegianEnglishPronunciation Guide
JulChristmas”yool”
JulaftenChristmas Eve”yool-AHF-ten”
Lille julaftenLittle Christmas Eve”LIL-eh yool-AHF-ten”
JulenisseNorwegian Santa”YOOL-eh-NIS-eh”
GloggMulled wine”gluhg”
JulebordChristmas party”YOOL-eh-bord”
RibbePork ribs”RIB-eh”
PinnekjottCured lamb ribs”PIN-eh-shut”
LutefiskLye fish”LOO-teh-fisk”
JulekurverPaper heart baskets”YOOL-eh-KOOR-ver”
JulebukkChristmas goat”YOOL-eh-book”
God JulMerry Christmas”goo yool”
KoseligCozy”KOO-seh-lee”

Useful Phrases

NorwegianEnglish
God Jul og godt nyttar!Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
Gledelig Jul!Happy Christmas!
Ha en fin jul!Have a nice Christmas!

Norwegian Christmas Timeline for Visitors

Optimal Visit Windows

For Markets and Pre-Christmas Atmosphere:

  • Dates: November 20 - December 22
  • Why: Markets operating, festive atmosphere, shops open

For Traditional Jul Experience:

  • Dates: December 22-26
  • Why: Authentic Christmas experience, limited services
  • Requirements: Book accommodation with Christmas dinner included

For Post-Christmas Winter:

  • Dates: December 27 - January 6
  • Why: Winter activities resume, Northern Lights, quieter

Sample Christmas Visit Itineraries

Oslo Christmas Week (5 days):

DayActivities
1Spikersuppa market, Karl Johans gate lights
2Norsk Folkemuseum market, Bygdoy museums
3Traditional Norwegian dinner, cultural experiences
4Day trip options or shopping
5Departure

Bergen Christmas (4 days):

DayActivities
1Bryggen UNESCO site, Christmas market
2Pepperkakebyen gingerbread village, floibanen
3Fjord experience or day trip
4Fish market, departure

Arctic Christmas Tromso (5 days):

DayActivities
1Arrive, Tromso city exploration
2Northern Lights tour
3Sami experience with Christmas elements
4Dog sledding or whale watching
5Departure

Final Thoughts: The Soul of Norwegian Christmas

Norwegian Christmas offers one of the world’s most atmospheric and meaningful festive experiences—a celebration that has remained authentic despite the globalizing pressures that have homogenized holidays elsewhere. The combination of ancient traditions stretching back to Viking-era midwinter feasts, exceptional food that sparks passionate regional debates, warm family gatherings in candlelit rooms, and the particular magic of Scandinavian winter creates something genuinely special.

The statistics tell part of the story: over 95% of Norwegians maintain traditional Christmas dinners; 40 million marzipan figures consumed in a nation of 5 million people; church bells ringing simultaneously across the country at 5 PM on Christmas Eve. But numbers can’t capture the experience of joining hands with three generations of family to dance around the tree singing carols, or the excitement when Julenissen knocks at the door, or the profound silence of a snow-covered landscape under the polar night.

Why Norwegian Christmas Resonates:

In a world of artificial light, Norwegian Jul celebrates real candlelight. In a culture of constant activity, it mandates days of enforced rest. In an age of global homogenization, it maintains fiercely regional food traditions. The darkness outside makes the light within more precious; the cold makes the warmth more welcome; the silence of closed shops creates space for what actually matters.

The ancient origins of Jul—from the Norse midwinter solstice celebrations when people gathered to honor the returning sun—remain palpable in modern Norwegian Christmas. The julebukk (straw goat) connects to Thor’s mythology; the tradition of leaving porridge for the nisse echoes offerings to farm spirits; the emphasis on light, feasting, and community during the darkest time addresses the same human needs our ancestors recognized thousands of years ago.

Whether you’re visiting Norway during Jul, attending a julebord, recreating traditions at home, or simply appreciating Norwegian culture from afar, understanding these customs connects you with centuries of Nordic heritage—and reminds us all what the holiday season can be when we focus on people, traditions, and light rather than commerce.

God Jul! —Merry Christmas!

Plan Your Norwegian Christmas

For more on Norwegian culture and winter travel, see our comprehensive guides to Norwegian Food Guide, Norway Winter Travel, Oslo Travel Guide, and Northern Lights Norway.

Sources: This guide draws on information from Statistics Norway (SSB), Visit Norway, the Norwegian Centre for Traditional Music and Dance, UNESCO (for Roros World Heritage Site inscribed 1980 and Bryggen inscribed 1979), and documented Norwegian cultural traditions. Last updated January 2026.

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